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- WORLD, Page 49SOUTH AFRICAThen There Was One Mandela remains in jail while his colleagues go free
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- In the ranks of South Africa's antiapartheid struggle, Walter
- Sisulu is second only to his fellow prisoner and best friend,
- Nelson Mandela. A quarter-century ago, Sisulu and several other
- underground leaders of the African National Congress were captured
- on a farm in the Johannesburg suburb of Rivonia. Along with
- Mandela, they were sentenced to life imprisonment after being
- convicted in the Rivonia trial on charges of conspiracy to
- overthrow the government.
-
- Rumors swirled for years that Pretoria was about to free the
- Rivonia prisoners, but many seasons of hard labor in the limestone
- quarries on Robben Island taught Sisulu, now 77, not to expect too
- much. During a visit to Cape Town's Pollsmoor Prison last Tuesday,
- his wife Albertina asked Sisulu what he thought about renewed
- speculation that his freedom was imminent. "No," he scoffed. "Let's
- just wait and see."
-
- The waiting ended later that day. President F.W. de Klerk
- ordered the release of Sisulu and seven others, including all the
- remaining Rivonia prisoners except Mandela, as soon as "the
- necessary formalities" could be arranged. There was a mixture of
- joy and sadness when Mrs. Sisulu later visited the 71-year-old
- Mandela in his stucco bungalow at the Victor Verster prison farm.
- As the 8 p.m. television news announced De Klerk's decision,
- Mandela embraced Mrs. Sisulu. "We want to take you with us right
- now," she told him. "Yes," Mandela replied. "I want to go home."
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- Threatened by the possibility of additional Western economic
- sanctions, De Klerk appeared to be acting swiftly on his campaign
- pledge to lead the country into a new era through negotiations with
- the country's disenfranchised blacks. After allowing Mandela a
- pre-release reunion with his fellow Rivonia prisoners, the
- government permitted him to receive Mrs. Sisulu along with three
- other leaders of the antigovernment coalition known as the Mass
- Democratic Movement. Later the government lifted a 20-month-old
- order that barred Mrs. Sisulu from political activities. Also, De
- Klerk was the host for three hours of what he described as "talks
- about talks" with three M.D.M.-affiliated antiapartheid
- campaigners, all of them rare visitors to Pretoria's Union
- Buildings, the seat of white rule: Anglican Archbishop Desmond
- Tutu; the Rev. Allan Boesak, president of the World Alliance of
- Reformed Churches; and the Rev. Frank Chikane, general secretary
- of the South African Council of Churches.
-
- Nonetheless, the two sides are still far apart on such basic
- issues as the pace of change and who will speak for the black
- majority. The clergymen handed De Klerk a 13-point agenda for
- reform demanding that the government lift the state of emergency
- and free the hundreds of remaining political prisoners, and then
- within six months abolish apartheid laws and begin negotiations on
- a new South African constitution with the A.N.C. "If we were to get
- that kind of commitment," Tutu said, "we would be ready to say to
- our friends, `Put your sanctions programs on hold.'"
-
- But De Klerk complained that he and the clergymen were often
- "talking past each other" and that his guests had continued to
- question the government's good faith. He stressed that the
- government would not abandon its trademark caution and ruled out
- discussing a comprehensive settlement solely with any one
- opposition group. "No government can adhere to a specific time
- schedule," he said, adding that reaction to Step A "will determine
- when Step B can be taken."
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- In releasing the eight prisoners, De Klerk said they could have
- their freedom without restrictions. Most of them, including Sisulu,
- the former secretary-general of the A.N.C., now intend to apply for
- South African passports so that they can travel to A.N.C.
- headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia, for consultations with exiled
- leaders. But if their freedom stirs political unrest, De Klerk
- strongly suggested, that alone could be enough to postpone further
- steps -- presumably including Mandela's release and any role he
- might play in negotiations over South Africa's future.